Lub jacquard loom yog lub tshuab textile siv los xaws cov ntaub nrog cov qauv nyuaj. Nws tswj kev nce thiab txo qis ntawm warp threads los ntawm kev ua ntej - kev teeb tsa (xws li heddles thiab cov phau ntawv qauv), yog li tsim cov paj ntaub zoo nkauj. Piv nrog rau cov looms zoo tib yam, jacquard looms tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ua tau siab -kawg silk fabrics xws li brocade thiab damask nrog cov qauv rov ua dua.
Jacquard thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau Shang Dynasty. Jacquard pob zeb diamond-patterned damask fabrics pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm Yin Ruins hauv Anyang, Henan Province, qhia tau hais tias cov txheej txheem jacquard qub muaj nyob rau hauv Shang Dynasty. Zhou Dynasty txuas ntxiv tsim ntau- xim jacquard brocade, tab sis cov txheej txheem thaum ntxov yog nyob ntawm tes- xaiv, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg. Los ntawm Western Han Dynasty, jacquard loom tshuab tau loj hlob tuaj. Plaub xyoob xyoob thiab ntoo loom qauv (circa 1st caug xyoo BC) unearthed los ntawm Laoguanshan Han Tomb nyob rau hauv Tianhui Town, Chengdu, yog cov ntxov paub lub cev piv txwv ntawm jacquard looms. Lawv ntau- qauv heddle tso cai rau kev xaws ntawm cov qauv nyuaj, kos npe rau daim ntawv thov ntawm jacquard looms hauv loj- nplai ntau lawm. Tus kws tshawb fawb Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Yi's *Fu ntawm Jacquard Loom* piav txog nws cov qauv, thaum * Lwm Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Western Peev * sau tseg tias tus poj niam ntawm Chen Baoguang los ntawm Julu (tam sim no -}hnub Hebei) tau siv lub jacquard loom nrog "120 ko taw pedals". Thaum lub sij hawm Cao Wei, Ma Jun tau txhim kho Han Dynasty jacquard loom, ua kom yooj yim cov qauv uas yuav tsum tau 120 ko taw pedals mus rau 12, thiab siv cov txheej txheem heddle jacquard, ua haujlwm yooj yim dua thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua 4-5 zaug, thaum tseem tsim cov qauv zoo dua. Lub * Gengzhi Tu * los ntawm Lou Shou ntawm Song Dynasty thiab * Tiangong Kaiwu * ntawm Ming Dynasty ob leeg sau cov evolution ntawm jacquard loom, nws cov qauv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv siv kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 18th.
Kev Paub Ntxiv:
① Cov paj ntaub zoo nkauj zoo nkauj woven ntawm jacquard looms tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm Txoj Kev Silk, txhawb kev lag luam thiab kev sib pauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm East thiab West, thiab txawm tias sab hnub poob yog tus sawv cev ntawm "Oriental khoom kim heev." ② Lub jacquard loom tau qhia rau Tebchaws Europe ob zaug, hauv 7th -8th centuries thiab 12th caug xyoo. Nws tus qauv-raws li programmable tswj txoj cai tau tshoov siab tus qauv-raws li jacquard thev naus laus zis ntawm 18th-xyoo pua Fabkis Jacquard loom, indirectly influencing lub binary programming tswvyim ntawm niaj hnub computers. ③ Han Dynasty jacquard loom tsis tsuas yog sawv cev rau qhov kawg ntawm kev siv tshuab textile thaum ub tab sis kuj ua rau kev zoo nkauj thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm Suav kab lis kev cai. Cov khoom qub xws li velvet brocade thiab cov noog -patterned brocade unearthed los ntawm Mawangdui Han tombs ua tim khawv rau nws exquisite craftsmanship. ④ Qee qhov kev cob qhia cov tsoos tsho tseem siv cov jacquard looms ua haujlwm zoo dua los ua cov qauv Han Dynasty, khaws cia cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsis muaj nuj nqis. ⑤ Lub jacquard loom tswj cov qauv los ntawm "tus qauv phau ntawv" (perforated phaib los yog woven cords), suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuab "programmed" thaum ntxov, muab qee qhov kev tshoov siab rau niaj hnub computer programming.
Hauv kev xaus, Han Dynasty jacquard loom sawv cev rau qhov ua tiav ntawm Suav keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb thiab kos duab. Nws cov qauv tshiab-raws li programmable tswj thev naus laus zis tsis tsuas yog txhawb txoj kev vam meej ntawm kev lag luam silk tab sis kuj tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho cov tshuab textile thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tau qhuas los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv Joseph Needham tias yog "ib qho kev koom tes tseem ceeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj thaum ub rau ntiaj teb kev tsim kho tshuab." Los ntawm cov paj ntaub thaum ub ntawm Shang Dynasty mus rau kev hloov pauv ntawm Han Dynasty, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau niaj hnub digital innovation, jacquard thev naus laus zis yeej ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm Suav kev vam meej.
